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''The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War'' was an 1898 book written by Winston Churchill; it was his first published work of non-fiction. ==Writing== It details an 1897 military campaign on the Northwest Frontier (an area now part of Pakistan). Churchill participated in the campaign as a second lieutenant in the cavalry; he volunteered for the posting, having become bored of playing polo in India. Moving through the land mostly by political care, and paying local khans to support them, they moved into the mountains to fight an essentially punitive campaign against the Pashtun tribes, in response to repeated brutal armed raids on the villages of the Plains of India. Crops and houses were burnt, wells were filled with stones, and the occasional firefight broke out in the mountains. This campaign effectively neutralised the aggressors for several decades. Churchill described the fanaticism of the tribal warriors as a culturally- and religiously-cultivated instance of a tendency that lurks within all human persons: The Indian government was concerned about where the frontier of India should be. The Russian frontier had advanced in a few decades to the Pamirs, and there was real concern that a force of cossacks could traverse the Hindu Kush and invade India. To resist this the Forward Policy held that the passes should be held by the Indian government through its vassals. A recent uprising in Chitral, arising from a series of dynastic murders, had more or less accidentally led to a campaign to relieve the British garrison there. In the aftermath of the campaign a substantial force held the road, based at the Malakand, and subsidising local rulers. The peaceful conditions improved the lot of the Pashtuns, but eventually an uprising occurred, and the camp was attacked. The attacks were beaten off, but a force was assembled under Sir Bindon Blood, many of whom had come out of Swat and Bunerwal. A young Winston Churchill arranged to be attached to the force. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Story of the Malakand Field Force」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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